Stolen Jane Harrison Notes Essays

Stolen Jane Harrison Notes Essays Stolen Jane Harrison Notes Essay Stolen Jane Harrison Notes Essay Whoa Im going- home- Sandy 37. Either way, I love them both- Anne 38. Im finally going to meet my mother- Jimmy 39. And Im goanna catch that fish- Sandy Structure for text response Typical sentence structures (Insert evidence egg quote or event) denoting/highlighting/showing/indicating accentuating/implying/suggesting Ins (insert point being made here) OR (Insert point being made here) is denoted/shown/demonstrated as (insert evidence here) Typical paragraph structures ) Statement made (what are you arguing) 2) Supporting evidence (how is the shown) 3) Conclusion made (what does it show). Repeat this until you have four or five points to support your overall contention. Themes (And Evidence Home and Family, where is home? Anne is confused who are her real parent Abuse What does physical and sexual abuse do? Mental health worsens. R example, evidence of trauma in Ruby Identity Who are you? What do you stand for? For example, Jimmys speech in prison Mistreatment (of Aborigines) Ruby is told to do everything, Sandys mum is raped, verbal buses of Jimmy, he is put in prison Escaping/Fear Sandy is always running away, Jimmy steals and runs Betrayal Ruby feels betrayed, Jimmy feels betrayed Coping Emotional trauma, stress. Shirley is happier now that she has a granddaughter, Jimmy kills himself, and he is unable to cope. Ruby has a mental breakdown, she is unable to cope to. Jimmy and Ruby are the most obvious victims in Stolen, but all suffer in Ethel different ways. Discuss The physical and sexual abuse experienced by Ruby and Jimmy is obviously very visible to others. The loss that Ruby and Jimmy suffered was a loss of dignity and to the extent that they were both unable to keep fighting l just cant [fight] no more or hold on to any hope of reuniting with their families because their pain was too great they stuck a knife into me heart The children were deceived with the hopes of being cared for matron said they guan take one of us home and when they understood the truth they were disheartened and lost in silence I promised not to tell Jimmy and Ruby both led very tragic lives by the closing scene of the play, implying that perhaps hey are the greatest sufferers because of their obvious pain. Jimmy the playful young boy has had his heart ripped apart by the hope Im finally guan meet my mother of finally reconnecting with his mum and the despair of her death, and takes his own life as a melancholy prison inmate, at the end he said Im going now, to be with my mother and died . Unlike Jimmy, Ruby has the chance to be with her family again, her sister said Sis, weve come to take you home but her mental and emotional state is beyond repair after the mage done to her, dont live in no home anymore In Rubys family come to visit it appears Ruby is inevitably set to live a lonely and disjointed life F she continues to even have the strength or will to live. The remaining characters, Anne, Shirley and Sandy all suffer huge depths of despair, yet their suffering appears to lessen to some degree in the eyes of the viewer/reader due to their hope, determination and stability which in some ways assist them in attempting to resolve their problems and become reunited with their loved on es. Appearing to never give up is Anne, the young girl brought up by white adoptive parents and never told of her Aboriginal family and heritage until seemingly too late Its about your mother Shes dying she is caught between two very different worlds, communities and families. Anne seems very stable and loved by her adoptive parents, but should they really be considered loving considering they never told Anne who she was, what her identity is, until too late. As a result she is torn apart and finds it incredibly difficult to find her place any,Inhere, Am I black or white

US Supreme Court Procedures and Decisions

US Supreme Court Procedures and Decisions From the day the U.S. Supreme Court votes to hear a case to the day some nine months when we learn its decision, lots of high-level law happens. What are the daily procedures of the Supreme Court? While the U.S. has a classic dual court system, the Supreme Court stands as the highest and only federal court created by the Constitution. All of the lower federal courts have been created over the years in one of the five â€Å"other† methods of changing the Constitution. Without vacancies, the Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, all appointed by the President of the United States with the approval of the Senate. The Supreme Courts Term or Calendar The annual term of the Supreme Court runs begins on the first Monday in October and continues until late June or early July. During the term, the Court’s calendar is divided between â€Å"sittings,† during which the Justices hear oral arguments on cases and release decisions and â€Å"recesses,† when the Justices deal with other business before the Court and write their opinions to be attached to the Court’s decisions. The Court typically alternates between sittings and recesses about every two weeks throughout the term. During the brief recess periods, the Justices review the arguments, consider upcoming cases, and work on their opinions. During every week of the term, the Justices also review more than 130 petitions asking the Court to review recent decisions of the state and lower federal courts to determine which, if any, should be granted full Supreme Court review with oral arguments by lawyers. During sittings, public sessions start at 10 a.m. sharp and end at 3 p.m., with a one-hour recess for lunch starting at noon. Public sessions are held on Monday through Wednesday only. On Fridays of weeks during which oral arguments were heard, the Justices discuss the cases and vote on requests or â€Å"petitions for writ of certiorari† to hear new cases. Before hearing oral arguments are made, the Court takes care of some procedural business. On Monday mornings, for example, the Court releases its Order List, a public report of all actions taken by the Court including a list of cases accepted and rejected for future consideration, and a list of lawyers newly approved to argue cases before the Court or â€Å"admitted to the Court Bar.† The much-anticipated decisions and opinions of the Court are announced in public sessions held on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings and on third Mondays during May and June. No arguments are heard when the Court sits to announced decisions. While the Court begins its three-month recess in late June, the work of justice continues. During the summer recess, the Justices consider new petitions for Court review, consider and rule on hundreds of motions submitted by lawyers, and prepare for oral arguments scheduled for October. Oral Arguments Before the Supreme Court At precisely 10 a.m. on days the Supreme Court is in session, all present stand as the Marshal of the Court announces the entrance of the justices into the courtroom with the traditional chant: â€Å"The Honorable, the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Oyez! Oyez! Oyez! All persons having business before the Honorable, the Supreme Court of the United States, are admonished to draw near and give their attention, for the Court is now sitting. God save the United States and this Honorable Court.† â€Å"Oyez† is a Middle English word meaning â€Å"hear ye.† After having submitted countless legal briefs, oral arguments give lawyers representing clients in cases before the Supreme Court a chance to present their cases directly to the justices. While many lawyers dream of arguing a case before the Supreme Court and wait years for a chance to do so, when the time finally comes, they are allowed only 30 minutes to present their case. The half-hour time limit is strictly enforced and answering questions asked by the justices does not extend the time limit. As a result, the lawyers, for whom brevity does not come naturally, work for months to hone their presentations to be concise and to anticipate questions. While oral arguments are open to the public and the press, they are not televised. The Supreme Court has never allowed TV cameras in the courtroom during sessions. However, the Court does make audiotapes of oral arguments and opinions available to the public. Prior to oral arguments, parties interested in, but not directly involved in the case will have submitted â€Å"amicus curiae† or friend-of-the-court briefs supporting their views. Supreme Court Opinions and Decisions Once oral arguments to a case have been completed, the justices retire to closed session to formulate their individual opinions to be attached to the Court’s final decision. These discussions are closed to the public and press and are never recorded. Since the opinions are typically lengthy, heavily footnoted, and require extensive legal research, the justices are assisted in writing them by highly-qualified Supreme Court law clerks. The Types of Supreme Court Opinions There are four main types of Supreme Court opinions: Majority Opinions: Forming the Court’s final decision, the majority opinion represents the opinions of the majority of the justices who heard the case. The majority opinion requires at least five justices unless one or more justices have chosen to recuse themselves (not take part) in the decision. The majority opinion is vital as it sets a legal precedent which must be followed by all future courts hearing similar cases.Concurring Opinions:   Justices may also attach concurring opinions to the Court’s majority opinion. As the name implies, concurring opinions agree with the majority opinion. However, concurring opinions may focus on different points of law or agree with the majority for a totally different reason.Dissenting Opinions: Justices who disagree with the majority typically write dissenting opinions explaining the basis for their vote. Not only do dissenting opinions help to explain the Court’s reasoning in its decision, they are often used in majority opinions in similar future cases. Confusingly, justices will write mixed opinions that agree with parts of the majority opinion but disagree with others. Per Curiam Decisions: In rare cases, the Court will issue a â€Å"per curium† opinion. â€Å"Per Curiam  is a Latin phrase meaning â€Å"by the court.† Per curiam opinions are majority opinions are delivered by the Court as a whole, rather than authored by an individual justice. Should the Supreme Court fail to reach a majority opinion arrive at a tie vote the decisions reached by the lower federal courts or state supreme courts are allowed to remain in effect as if the Supreme Court had never even considered the case. However, the rulings of the lower courts will have no precedent setting value, meaning they will not apply in other states as with majority Supreme Court decisions.

Performance management framework of Limo Services in Austin, TX Assignment

Performance management framework of Limo Services in Austin, TX Company - Assignment Example ocedures for employee assessment and analysis during recruitment, orientation, training and education of employees, comprehensive methods of measuring performances of employees and effective process of communication performance feedback to employees to ensure that everyone has knowledge about achievements and remaining areas of improvements in the business strategy. The organization performance philosophy of Limo Services in Austin, TX Company is to provide highest level, clean, polite, courteous, safe, fun, memorable and punctual limousine services to the clients from any locations they desire (Limos of Austin, 2012) Measuring employees’ skills is one way of understanding the potential of the one to support efforts to achieve mission and objective of an organization. One method that Limo Services in Austin, TX Company uses to measure employee skills is surveying of clients about their experiences with customer service. The survey includes asking clients to rate the quality of customer service offered by employees of the organization. Another method used to measure employee skills is the enactment of random quality control procedure. With this method, employees do not know the exact time for evaluation and checks. The method proves good for its makes serious employees work to optimize performance in different corners of the organization. The company also considers appraisal of employees in all aspects of organizational structure to determine individual, team and group achievements in accomplishing particular responsibilities. Skill gaps are not very embarrassing aspects of organization structure especially when considering the rapidly changing business environments. Technology and expectations in the business environment are rapidly changing, and sometimes it become challenging to adapt to the changes immediately. In that line, Limo Services in Austin, TX Company has structured its performance management framework to ensure proper and regular training of the

COMPARISON OF TWO PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES Essay

COMPARISON OF TWO PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES - Essay Example In todays economy mental health issues have come into the mainstream in the news on a regular basis. As an example, Mental Health America reports that "about 20% of the U.S. population reports at least one depressive symptom in a given month, and 12% report two or more in a year". The National Institute of Mental health reports that "an estimated 26.2% of Americans ages 18 and older†¦suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in any year." It is also known that many people suffer from more than one mental disorder as well. People are attempting to cope with the world as it is while they watch their homes being foreclosed upon, their jobs ending and everyday living expenses rising. More people are turning to mental health practitioners to help them sort out problems that they are having individually and as families. This is a time when new counselors can be of great help because there is such a great need. In order to prepare for any client, a new counselor must learn how to under stand symptoms and identify the type of mental disorder that their clients are experiencing. In order to do this, they must rely on the DSM-IV and other methods of diagnosis. One of the ways that students learn to become good therapists is by studying case studies. Most insurance companies will want a diagnosis and it should be accurate to the best of a counselors ability. Because of this it is important to practice using case studies and counseling theories in order to know what therapeutic approaches will work best for different mental disorders. These narrative theories recognize humans as active agents in the construction of their own realities rather than simply existing in some objective reality†¦they encourage students to understand material for themselves rather than simply completing assignments or requirements. (p. 834). Corsini

Tata Docomo Essay Example for Free

Tata Docomo Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TATA DOCOMO is Tata Teleservices Limiteds TTSL telecom service on the GSMplatform arising out of the Tata Groups strategic alliance with Japanese telecom majorNTT DOCOMO in November 2008. Tata Teleservices has received a pan-India licenseto operate GSM telecom services, under the brand TATA DOCOMO and has also beenallotted spectrum in 18 telecom Circles. TTSL and has already rolled out its services in various circles.India is the fastest growing major mobile market in the world.Building on leadingposition in the market,TTSL. Aims to capitalize on the growth potential to significantlyincrease the subscriber base and market share. The telecom sector is increasing dayby day and the competition is getting more and tougher. Initially Tataservice was providing CDMA and after tieup with DOCOMO they come up in . OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT The objectives of this study/project as follows: * To identify the strategies Tata Docomo is following to grab the Indian market. * To study the schemes and services provided by TataDocomo. * To study thevarious tariffs charged by TataDocomo. * To study the unique features and services offered by TataDocomo. * To perform a SWOT analysis of TATADocomo. * To know the impact of promotional activities on the purchasing behavior of the buyer. * To study the Customer satisfaction level regarding the services provided by TataDocomo. INTRODUCTION TATADOCOMO is Tata Teleservices Limiteds TTSL telecom service on the GSM platform arising out of the Tata Groups strategic alliance with Japanese telecom major NTT DOCOMO in November 2008. Tata Teleservices has received a pan-India license to operate GSM telecom services, under the brand TATADOCOMO and has also been allotted spectrum in 18 telecom Circles. TTSL and has already rolled out its services in various circles. The launch of the TATADOCOMO brand marks a significant milestone Indian telecom landscape, as it stands to redefine the very face of telecoms in India. Tokyo-based NTT DOCOMO is one of the worlds leading mobile operators-in the Japanese market, the company is clearly the preferred mobile phone service provider with a50 percent market share. NTT DOCOMO has played a major role in the evolution of mobile telecommunications through its development of cutting-edge technologies and services. Over the years, technologists at DOCOMO have defined industry benchmarks like 3G technologies, as also products and services like the i-mode TM, mobile payment and a plethora of lifestyle-enhancing applications. Today, while most of the rest of the industry is only beginning to talk of LTE technology and its possible applications, DOCOMO has already started conducting LTE trials in physical geographies, not just inside laboratories! DOCOMO is also a global leader in the VAS (Value Added Services) space, both in terms of services and handset designs, particularly integrating services at the platform stage. The Tata Group-NTT DOCOMO partnership will see offerings such as these being introduced in the Indian market under the TATADOCOMO brand. TATADOCOMO has also set up a Business and Technology Cooperation Committee, comprising of senior personnel from both companies. The committee is responsible for identification of the key areas where the two companies will work together. DOCOMO, the world’s leading mobile operator will work closely with Tata Teleservices Limited management and provide know- how on helping the company develop its GSM business. Despite being a late entrant, TataIndicom, TTSLs CDMA brand, has already established its presence and is the fastest-growing pan-India operator. Incorporated in 1996, Tata Teleservices Limited is the pioneer of the CDMA 1x technology platform in India. Today Tata Teleservices Limited, along with Tata Teleservices (Maharashtra) Ltd, serves over 37 million customers in more than 320,000 towns and villages across the country offering a wide range of telephony services including Mobile Services, Wireless Desktop Phones, Public Booth Telephony and Wire line Services. HISTORY Tata Teleservices Limited now also has a presence in the GSM space, through its joint venture with NTT DOCOMO of Japan, and offers differentiated products and services under the TATADOCOMO brand name. TATADOCOMOarises out of the Tata Group’s strategic alliance with Japanese telecom major NTT DOCOMO in November 2008. TATADOCOMO has received a pan-India license to  operate GSM telecom services and has also been allotted spectrum in 18 telecom Circles. The company has rolled out GSM services in 14 of India’s 22 telecom Circles in a quick span of under six months. The company plans to launch pan-India operations by the end of FY 2009-10.TATADOCOMO marks a significant milestone in the Indian telecom landscape, and has already redefined the very face of telecoms in India, being the first to pioneer the per- second tariff option-part of its ‘Pay for What You Use’ pricing paradigm. Tokyo-based NTT DOCOMO is one of the world’s leading mobile operators-in the Japanese market, the company is the clear market leader, used by over 50% of the country’s mobile phone users. Corporate Philosophy With the aim of creating a new world of communications culture, we NTT DOCOMO will devote all the skills, know-how and energy towards the establishment of more personal communication with our customers that contribute to their heartfelt satisfaction. A New World of Communications Culture More personal communication * Reliable access * Real time access * E-communicationOne-to-one â€Å"personal * This gives birth to a new world of communications culture * Freedom to enjoy communications anytime, anywhere with anyone * Opening of endless lifestyle horizons  To achieve this In order to create a world of more innovative and enriched communications, we will improve service quality, aggressively move forward with the development of various services. We will also research and develop a more advanced user-friendly communications interface, and at the same time we will provide these services and technologies to an ever expanding area. Customer Satisfaction: * Communications those are always ready when needed. * Capability to contact whomever, from wherever and whenever the customer desires. * Happiness that comes from heart-to-heart communications. * Bringing customers another step closer to realizing their dreams. * Responding to every customer with consideration, courtesy and thoroughness. * Providing products that give customers easy and convenient access to cutting-edge functionality. To achieve this * First and foremost, we will fulfill expectations of customers by fulfilling our response to their needs through improved service quality, building original networks, enriching functionality and expanding the service area. In addition, by providing an expanding and ever-improving selection of services at inexpensive rates, we will deliver satisfaction to a growing diversity of customers. * Making the most of the talents of each individual in our company. * Respect for the individuality and sense of values that are unique to each person. * Enable internal corporate communication to flow free from vertical and horizontal organizational barriers. * Make the most of the ideas of each individual. * Foster a corporate culture that is not restricted by conventional thinking and systems. * Create a creative office environment that supports the fulfillment of the individual. * Fostering an open corporate culture that welcomes the ideas and views of the individual. * Evaluate personnel based on their merits. * Build a company that overflows with a challenging spirit. To achieve this  By improving our system and programs for the enhancement of human resources and unifying our human resource development, we will empower each individual to exert their skills to the utmost of their capabilities and discover new potential. At the same time, we will strive to create a workplace that motivates individuals through measures such as improvement of the working environment and labor conditions and enhancement of health and welfare benefits. VISION We will leverage our strength in executing complex global scale projects to make leading edge information and communication services affordable by all individual consumers and business in India. We will offer unparalleled value  to create customer delight and enhance business productivity. We will also generate value for our capabilities beyond Indian borders while enabling millions of India’s knowledge workers to deliver their services globally. STATISTICS * Third largest telecom network in the world. * Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.Largest operator in INDIA is BSNL. * INDIA’S mobile market is the fastest growing market in the world. * World’s leading Japan based Telecom Company. * Over the years technologies of DOCOMO has defined industry bench marks like 3G technology. * It is the global leader in value added services. * TATA telecom Incorporated in 1996. * Tata Teleservices is the pioneer of the CDMA 1x technology platform in India. Deep involvement in the launch of 3G has inspired us to create an infrastructure that will allow people and all kinds of objects to communicate a wealth of information. Extended systems will link the home, the office and any number of other locations to bring greater convenience to all aspects of everyday life. For the future, it is our aim to incorporate information gathered by all five senses to achieve an array of services far beyond anything envisaged to date. * NTT DOCOMO is already making rapid progress in such areas through a wide range of innovative research, building expertise and techniques as we move forward towards exciting new business opportunities. * Innovating dreams * Our goal is to create a broad array of exciting new services. Services that will bring undreamed-of convenience to people everywhere. * In addition to Audio Barcodes and 3D Display System introduced in this website, cutting edge technologies beyond the imagination are already under development. These include a system that makes distant objects feel like an extension of the human body for ultra realistic experiences, and advanced chips that will allow items such as household appliances to communicate. Whats more, we are actively realizing 4G technology such as MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output) multiplexing technology and a wireless access communications system, as well as contributing to the establishment  of specifications for global standardization. * Researchers at NTT DOCOMO have a clear vision of the future. A future that will unite all of the above advances and many more, to create a world where people can communicate at a higher level, regardless of time and space * Telecom industry in India is dominated by major companies like Airtel, Vodafone in GSM services. * Competition is very intense due to low differentiation. * India ended March this year with 391.76 million mobile lines and teledensity is around 36.98. * Airtel enjoys 33.9%, Idea 11.6% Vodafone 19.6 and Tata CDMA has 7.2% of market share respectively. * PRICE * It having attractive tariff plan:TATADOCOMO having 1paisa /sec it is applicable for both prepaid and postpaid. Disruptive Innovation in the Indian Telecom Industry by TataDocomo Wikipedia defines disruptive innovation as an innovation that improves a product or service in ways that the market does not expect, typically by being lower priced or designed for a different set of consumers. Indian Telecom space was â€Å"Disrupted† by TataDocomo when they came out with a ‘1 paisa per second’ tariff. We have earlier seen how Reliance India Mobile changed the mobile industry by coming up with the lowest tariff in the beginning of this decade. The call charges were around Rs 2-3 per minute and because of Reliance this was brought down to around Re 1 per minute. TataDocomo was the next one to employ disruptive innovation in the Indian mobile industry. Currently the game is not played on the price front but Value added services front, which is evident from the advertisements of Airtel (Madhavan and VidyaBalan) and Vodafone (Zoozoos) in the past. If Aircel is redefining how telecom operators approach value added services and GPRS in India, TataDocomo is doing its bit to change billing practices. The joint venture between Tata Teleservices and Japanese telecom major NTT Docomo officially began rollouts with a plan to invest $2 billion for its pan-India GSM services. Customer Satisfaction The 21 century belongs to the service sector. The customer of yesteryear was a silent person who uncomplainingly purchased the goods from the market place. There is a new customer emerging today. Customer satisfaction can be  defined as, customer satisfaction is the feeling derived by the consumer when he compares the actual performance of the product’s with the performance that he expects of it. The measurement of the customer satisfaction typically begging when a company realizes that their customer s is the people, who provide the revenues that, hopeful, will cover expenses. Most companies start by establishing a customer satisfaction baseline. Then they target year by year improvement. Understanding customer requirement and delivering superior quality goods and services to achieve composer satisfaction lead to the retention and growth of the customer. General Idea about the satisfied customer: Satisfaction is a persona’s feeling of the pleasure or disappointment. It is resulting from comparing a product’s perceived performance with his or her expectations from it. Satisfaction is more of an emotional concept. Today organization are aiming at high satisfaction rather than at customer delight because customers who are just satisfied still find it easy to switch over when a batter offers comes along. Those who are highly satisfied are much less ready to switch over. High satisfaction or delight creates an emotional bound with the brand and customer starts looking at an offering emotionally and just rationally. The aim of marketing is to meet and satisfy target customers needs and wants but knowing customer is never simple. Customer may state their needs and wants but act otherwise. They may not be in touch with their deeper motivations. They may respond to influential to change their mind at the last minute. Some of today’s most successful companies are raising expectation and delivering performances to match. These companies are aiming at TCS- Total customer Satisfaction. Increasing competition (whether for-profit or nonprofit) is forcing businesses to pay much more attention to satisfying customers. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy. Customer Loyalty: * These four factors will greatly affect your ability to build a loyal customer base: * Products that are highly differentiated from those of the competition. * Higher end products where price is not the primary buying factor. * Products with a high service component. * Multiple products for the same customer. * Loyal Customers and Loyal Workforces Building customer loyalty will be a lot easier if you have a loyal workforce not at all a given these days. It is especially important to retain those employees who interact with customers such as sales people, technical support, and customer-service people. Many companies give a lot of attention to retaining sales people but little to support people. The increasing trend today is to send customer service and technical support calls into queue for the next available person. This builds no personal loyalty and probably less loyalty for the firm. Before going this route, be sure this is what your customers prefer. Instant Feedback: Recently, many organizations have implemented feedback loops that allow them to capture feedback at the point of experience. For example, National Express, one of the UKs leading travel companies invites passengers to send text messages whilst riding the bus. This has been shown to be useful as it allows companies to improve their customer service before the customer defects, thus making it far more likely that the customer will return next time. Listen to your customers: Is there anything more exasperating than telling someone what you want or what your problem is and then discovering that that person hasn’t been paying attention and needs to have it explained again? From a customer’s point of view, I doubt it. Can the sales pitches and the product babble. Let the customer talk and show them that you are listening by making the appropriate responses, such as suggesting how to solve the problem. MARKETING STRATEGY TataDocomo appears to be banking heavily on its tariff plans the company is offering a 1 second pulse instead of the usual 1 minute pulse that other telecom operators are offering. This means that consumers are charged on a per second basis, instead of a per minute basis, and end up saving money on unused seconds. A nifty little application â€Å"How much can you really save† on  Docomo’s website explains how this works. Rs. 0.01/second is a marked change from the Re 1/min and Rs. 0.49/min charges that usually applies. MARKETING MIX 4P’S OF MARKETING MIX: * Product * Price * Place * Promotion. PRODUCT: TATADOCOMO having good range of services.TataDocomo provides both postpaid and prepaid services. TataDocomo having good quality network which provides clarity in voice. PRICE:It having attractive tariff plan: TATADOCOMO having 1paisa /sec it is applicable for both prepaid and postpaid. PLACE:It is having good range of channels of distribution: As Tata already exist in this field of telecommunications as TataIndicom. It has wide range of channels of distribution to sell TATADOCOMO services. PROMOTION:Advertising: TATADOCOMO following different style of advertising pattern in TV ‘and newspapers. Due to that reason it was reaching public very fast. TATADOCOMO PRICING STRATEGY TataDocomo appears to be banking heavily on its tariff plans the company offers a 1 second pulse instead of the usual 1 minute pulse that other telecom operators were offering. This means that consumers are charged on a per second basis, instead of a per minute basis, and end up saving money on unused seconds. A fifty little application â€Å"How much can you really save† on Docomo’s website explains how this works. Rs. 0.01/second is a marked change from the Re 1/min and Rs. 0.49/min charges that usually apply. Now while this plan might sound unique, it isn’t that it hasn’t been tried before back in 2004, TataIndicom had launched 1 second pulse plans, which going by their current plans, appears to have been shelved. At present, TataDocomo has launched voice portals, 24-hour music, cricket commentary and voice chat, apart from offering free Missed Call Alerts and VoiceMail. Interestingly, voice based services are also being priced with a per-second-pulse: 24 hour music and voice chat are priced at Rs. 0.02/second. Caller Tune search service ‘Genie’ is also being priced at Rs. 0.02/second. This is a marked change, again, from the per minute pricing, and can offer consumers cheaper options. Mobile pricing innovation – TataDocomo now charges per website for Mobile Browsing! This is surely a first world over – TataDocomo have gone ahead and launched an innovative mobile Internet offering which allows users unlimited usage of their favorite websites on mobile for a fixed cost. TataDocomo has been forefront in coming up with various attractive pricing schemes, especially, in the pay-per-use paradigm. They were first to introduce pay per second billing on calls, which now is followed by every mobile service provider. They followed it with pay-per-minute and pay-per-call pricing plans as well which has made them one of the fastest growing Mobile companies in India. The new pay-per-website offering however, takes it to a complete different level and unheard of pricing strategy. This is a very thoughtful strategy and something which has potential to growth rapidly. TataDocomo pricing strategy. Pay per site offer two combination: * Those only interested in single websites need to pay Rs 10 per site * Those with multiple site browsing needs can opt for a combo pack at just Rs 25 per month. Customers have a bundle of options within various categories of social networking sites (Facebook, Twitter, and Linked In, Orkut), mail options (Gmail, Yahoo, Rediff) and chat messengers (GTalk, Yahoo! Messenger, Nimbuzz). Having said this, there is also a caveat – If you thought it was valid for unlimited use†¦it is not. TataDocomo pay per site plan categorizes each service under 2 different genres – Social Networking Site and Emailing Instant Messaging. Each site under this genre is priced at Rs. 10/- bundled with 200 MB free data usage valid for 30 days, post which customers will be charged at 1p/kb. There are also 2 Combo options SNS Combo Pack and Emailing Combo Pack and each Combo Pack is priced at Rs. 25/- bundled with 500 MB free data usage post which the customers will be charged 1p/kb. We have b een quite impressed the way TataDocomo have gone about their innovative pricing models as well as marketing strategies. â€Å"Per Character† SMS Pricing On 8th September 2009, the GSM branch of the Indian carrier Tata introduced a novel pricing strategy for text messaging. Under the brand â€Å"Diet-SMSâ€Å", Tata-DOCOMO bills its customers â€Å"by-the-character†, rather than on a per message basis. It is a very attractive marketing scheme, since many wireless subscribers, almost by habit, tend to pepper their text messages with abbreviations and acronyms. Under the new plan, Tata-Docomo charges â€Å"one paisa per character†. For example, a text which reads â€Å"tnx† (for â€Å"thank-you†) is charged at 3paise instead of the normal sms charge. The Impact TataDocomo has gathered significant market share, owing to its pricing strategies. Existing mobile operators are matching the price and the clear winners are the subscribers since all the competition is sending the prices downhill. ADVERTISING MEDIA CHANNELS India TataDocomo, the youngest among telecom players in India to offer GSM, is Presently banking on its services to garner visibility and a share in the telecom pie. The launch of TataDocomo also announced the intention of the brand to associate with the thought do. TataDocomo, for the first time in the country, offered pay-per-second billing; though other telecom providers have followed suit since. The company has carried out a few adverts that highlight the brands unique features and some other topical advertising during Ganesh Chaturthi and Diwali. The latest from the GSM provider is the Friendship Express TVC. The ad opens inside train, where everyone is doing their own thing. A couple of the travelers dont like the solemn mood and start humming the Docomo tune. Slowly and steadily, others pitch in and soon most of the train is singing along.   The ad ends with the super, Why walk alone when we can dance together.Cutting through the clutter that the Indian telecom landscape fin ds itself in with customers forced to jostle with confusing and complicated products, services and tariff plans Tata DOCOMO is ‘Doing the New’ again, with the launch of its new brand campaign,  aptly titled ‘Keep It Simple’. Tata DOCOMO’s unique Keep It Simple Campaign is in a form of a stand-up comedy show with many episodes, which will be aired during the course of this IPL season. It focuses largely on how Tata DOCOMO simplifies the telecom experience, and hence the consumer’s life, by providing differentiated products and services. Each individual advertisement starts by illustrating a complexity in the category, and presents the Tata DOCOMO product and/or service as a means of simplifying things. This campaign is simple, captures the various moods of Ranbirdepicting those of Tata DOCOMO Advertisement strategy TataDOCOMO ropes in RanbirKapoor as brand ambassador NEW DELHI: TataDocomo, the GSM brand of Tata Teleservices (TTSL), today appointed Bollywood star RanbirKapoor as its brand ambassador. The company has inked a two-year contract with Kapoor and will roll out various televisions, print and outdoor campaigns with the actor, starting with the upcoming Indian Premier League (IPL) tournament. We think TataDocomo is an inspirational brand and so is the charm and personality of RanbirKapoor, so it is a great match. We will leverage him in various campaigns to build the brand further, TTSL Head Corporate Marketing Gurinder Singh Sandhu told PTI. TataDOCOMO will undertake various marketing initiatives with RanbirKapoor, including television commercials, print campaigns, outdoors and retail front displays, he added. The company will introduce its new campaign during the IPL tournament, which kicks off on April According to media analysts, TataDocomo is expected to spend in excess of Rs 50 crore for the 360-degree campaign during the IPL season. Other telecom operators like BhartiAirtel, Idea Cellular and Reliance Communications have also appointed Bollywood stars as their brand ambassadors. While Airtel has worked with Shahrukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan and KareenaKapoor, Idea Cellular has AbhishekBachchan as its ambassador. Reliance Communications has worked with HrithikRoshan. Vodafone, on the other hand, has found success with its Zoozoos, the egg shaped cartoon characters featured in its ad campaign. Market Competitors of TataDocomo: * Airtel * Reliance Communication * BSNL * Idea * Aircel * Vodafone * SERVICES NETWORK AVAILABLE * Currently, TataDocomo mobile services available in these following circles: * Bihar Jharkhand * Tamil Nadu * Orissa * Andhra Pradesh * Karnataka * Kerala * Kolkata * Maharashtra Goa * Madhya Pradesh * Chhattisgarh * Haryana * Chennai * Eastern Uttar Pradesh * Western Uttar Pradesh * Punjab * Rajasthan ,Recently LaunchedAandRest of West Bengal, Recently Launched. PLANS Tata DOCOMO Daily Plans. When every day is different, why have a fixed plan? A brand new day calls for a brand new plan. Choose from Daily plans on local, STD, Night calling, GPRS Music and make your own Daily Plan. Benefits: * Anytime purchase * Minimal cost * Ease of process How to subscribe: Dial *141# and choose from Daily plans on local, STD, Night calling, GPRS Music. Product options:- Daily Rental Packs (Rs.2) * All local at 1p/2sec * STD at 3p/4sec * Local Night On-net at 1p/10sec * Local On-net at 1p/6sec * USA/Canada UK(F) at 3p/sec * Gulf at 11p/sec * All local National SMS at 1p | Weekly Rental Packs (Rs.10) * All local at 1p/2sec * STD at 3p/4sec * Local Night On-net at 1p/10sec * Local On-net at 1p/6sec * USA/Canada UK(F) at 3p/sec * Gulf at 11p/sec * All local National SMS at 1p | Talk More * 30 local minutes @ Rs.5 onTata DOCOMO Network. * 30 local minutes @ Rs.12 across Networks. * 30 local/National minutes @ Rs.14 * 10 Local/National minutes @ Rs.5 | Night Talk * Now converse through the night. 60 Free Local Night minutes onTata DOCOMO Network. * 30 Free local On-net minutes @ Rs.3 * 20 Free local minutes @ Rs.5 | | a. GPRS10MB Free Browsing @ Rs.5 only.| World Calling * 10 minutes to USA/Canada @ Rs.20 * 5 minutes to USA/Canada @ Rs.10| a. Entertainment15 minutes FREE music @ Rs.5| a. CricketCricket Alerts @ Rs.5/day| Terms and Conditions: * Daily implies active till 12 midnight on the same day of pack activation. Ex: A subscriber activated the pack on 25th Feb10 then the pack with daily validity will expire at midnight of 25th Feburary10#. * In case on night packs the expiry of the pack will be 7 am of the next day of activation of the pack. Ex: A subscriber activated the night pack on 25th Feb10 then the pack with daily validity will expire at 7 am of 26th Feburary10#. * The pack will get activated maximum within 2 hrs of request receipt on the system. You will get an automated confirmation SMS once the same is configured on our systems. * You can activate multiple packs in a day. Competitor Analysis The competition has intensified the past few months with new players and schemes coming in. There has never been a better time for the customer to get a mobile phone connection There are at least six if not more operators to choose from in ever circle. In June 09, TATA DOCOMO broke the old system of tariff by introducing per second billing system. As soon as they did this, the other followed suit with price cuts everywhere. Suddenly the idea of calls being free was not so outrageous. The prices were reduced to such an extent that the viability of the business was in questions. The competitive environment of TATA DOCOMO can be looked at from the following perspectives Airtel v/s TataDocomo * The equal competitors are coming up with their new tariffs, plans, special packs and their varying services to prove themselves to be much competitive and trying to anchor them firmly in this mobile sector. * Currently the TataDocomo came up with its services with an all new tariff scheme of pay per second which has brought out a massive revolution in the market. * On 30th Oct the leading mobile service provider BhartiAirtel launched their much awaited â€Å"Pay per Second† tariff all throughout India. The tariff comparison with Airtel and TATADocomo is as follows, * Airtel with its inception on 2001 renders number of customers but their tariff, call rates to different network makes confusion and remains unstable. But Docomo’s 1p/sec throughout India makes consumers to keep track of their account and controls expenses. Airtel has kept different SMS charges even in their Pay Per Second plan with local sms being charged at Re.1 and National sms at Rs.1.50, whereas Docomo introduced SMS charges based on the number of characters. No recharges are needed to opt for per second calling after one year. * Package activation of Airtel ranges from Rs.64 to Rs.99 and varies from circle to circle. Docomo’s does not charge anything extra for activating the per second pack since the tariff plan by default is on per second basis. * The Airtel tariff calculation is hard ranging from 1p/sec to 1.2p/sec , but 20% higher to other operators whereas A2A calls are kept at 1p/sec and that to other operators are charged at 1.2p/sec. But TataDocomo is offering a limited period offer of STD calls at 1p/sec. But Airtel is older than Docomo so it has compact network links than Docomo , so this is the place where Docomo has to establish itself. Meanwhile it is found that Docomo with both GSM and CDMA network added over ‘4 million’ subscribers in September, beating market leader BhartiAirtel yet again. Airtel had 2.5 million new users in September. SWOT ANALYSIS * STRENGTH * WEAKNESS * OPPORTUNITIES * THREATS STRENGTHS: * First to introduce seconds’ tariff plan (seconds pulse) * Good brand image of Tata services * Having large variety of plans * Plans are affordable by any common person. WEAKNESS: * Signal strength. * Postpaid connections are not available as of now. * Customer services are not satisfactory. * Concentrating only on rural areas. OPPORTUNITIES: * Have a great opportunity to expand its services. * To introduce any new plans for internet users. * Introduce 3G compatible services. * To introduce new combined plans like, SMS, Internet, Calling integrated offers. THREATS: * If signal strength is not increased it may lead to change in the network service by the customers. * Tata has to clarify whether this 1ps/sec will continue till its lifecycle. * Heavy competition from all other network providers. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF TATA DOCOMO Brand Image of Tata and Docomo This is another important factor which proves as a major strong point for Tata Docomo. Tata DOCOMO is Tata Teleservices Limiteds (TTSL) telecom service on the GSM platform-arising out of the Tata Groups strategic alliance with Japanese telecom major NTT DOCOMO in November 2008. Both of these are Big brand names in their respective countries; viz. Tata in India and NTT Docomo in Japan. Tokyo-based NTT DOCOMO is one of the worlds leading mobile operators-in the Japanese market, the company is clearly the preferred mobile phone service provider in Japan with a 50 per cent market share. Variety of plans on offer Tata Docomo focuses not only on the price but also makes sure that the variety of services offered is not compromised. There are a number of tariff plans for post pay customers as well as for prepay customers. WEAKNESSES OF TATA DOCOMO One major weakness of this organization would be the lack of adequate infrastructure to service the subscribers that it may initially achieve owing to the low prices. The key issue would be network coverage, where the customers would prefer that a call go through, or not be disconnected, than save Rs. 0.5-Re.1 on a call. At the same time, since operators have so far been focused on the â€Å"land-grab† MORALE OF EMPLOYEES IN AN ORGANISATION Good Morale Morale is a way of describing how people feel about their jobs, employers and companies, and those feelings are tied to the behaviors and attitudes that employees exhibit in the workplace. When employees have good morale, they feel committed to their employers, loyal to their jobs and motivated to be productive. They work harder, produce more, meet deadlines and give it their all. Low Morale According to BNET, a website that offers business management advice, low morale takes a toll on employee performance and productivity. Employees become less motivated to work, less committed to their employers, exhibit an attitude of indifference and are absent more often. Companies pay the consequences of low morale, as less work gets done and time and money are wasted. Such characteristics may not always indicate low morale. Be sure  that you dont misdiagnose employees as having low morale when they may just be having a bad day. Low morale is indicated by a pattern of these behaviors and attitudes over time. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TATA DOCOMO The goal of the Management System and OrganisationOptimisation is to introduce a new organisation and management system at the level of a selected company or a group of companies (holding), as the case may be. The solutions standard subject matter is the conceptual preparation of the clients new organization and the implementation thereof, which is broken down into detailed organisational and functional patterns including job structure and category. Other steps include a preparation of the companys (holding) management rules, setting the basic functions, competencies, powers and responsibilities for individual management levels of a company (holding), and the preparation of a companys (holding) basic internal policies. ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE OF TATA DOCOMO In TATA DOCOMO the organizational culture is the workplace environment formulated from the interaction of the employees in the workplace. Organizational culture is defined by all of the life experiences, strengths, weaknesses, education, upbringing, and so forth of the employees. While executive leaders play a large role in defining organizational culture by their actions and leadership, all employees contribute to the organizational culture. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS- Political- †¢ Not favourable in terms of Recent spectrum allocation {2G-scam}. †¢ Political lobbying is prevalent and many companies are taking advantage of it.It has become ubiquotious and creates lots of hassels for the firms. †¢ Due to 2G Scamtherre will be tighter control and auditing system. †¢ Also UPA will bring some new changes as the social pressure is so high{Anna hazaremovemenet}.Some new guidelines are coming up. †¢ TATA may get truly  benefitted by their inherent policy of no form of corruption.TATADocomo should be ready for a patient game so that this political uncertainity gets settled. ECONOMICAL- †¢ Teledensity has improved from under 4% in March 2001 to 53% by the end of March 2010.Cellular telephony has emerged as the fastest moving business segment. †¢ Due to high growth rate,hgherteledensity and sustainable domestic demand cellular telephony will surely reamain in the pink of health in India. †¢ Unexplored rural market.Usage may be low but volume can be high. †¢ Due to immense competition and lowest call rates in the world there are wafer thin margins as well. SOCIAL †¢ Youth population is increasing,adoption to new technologies has become daily routine,more litracy rate and more purchasing power of Domestic consumers makes this industry more than attractive. †¢ Youth will control the economy within next 10 years and companies need to meet their ever changing and newest deamands. †¢ Plans and tariffs need to be updated according to current demand and social habbits. †¢ Devolopment of new apps and cool value added services are in demand. TECHNOLOGY- †¢ Tata Docomo is enjoying the distinct advantage of the backing up of NTT Docomo which proven innovative technology.It is first in Inidia to roll out 3G services in India resulted a growth of 30%-40% in VAS and also planning to bring in 3G enabled mobile phones at an affordable price. †¢ It should try to capitalize the capabilities of Wimaxtechnologies,a high speed data connection,which is supposed to have 12 million subscribers by 2012. †¢ As 3G technologies has made in roads in India there is a growing emphasis on speed and coverage. ENVIRONMENTAL- †¢ People have growing concern about the kind of damage cellular wave do to the brain and other parts of the body. †¢ TATA Docomo should be the first to acknowledge the concern of the people by innovating ways that that can make the waves less harmfull. LEGAL- †¢ Recently due to alligations and speculations surrounding the 2G Spectrum sale many service providers are in legal doldrums and have to face wrath of CBI and judiciary. †¢ Whereas TATA Docomo has benefitted from his fare policies,it should par its back for this and march on with the progress it has seen with full vigour, Recommendations * The availability of recharge voucher should be made available when required by the customers. As this give the good impression about the company. * The network coverage is another asset for the company’s image, which needs to be preserved in future. * The overall image of the customer care services was found to be good but with some loopholes related to delays in problem solving. * The company should be more prompt in handling the queries and problem of the customer, which is vary essential for the prepaid card so as to retain the customers with the company in future. * The customer care executives should be more efficient in handling the customer and also more friendly and polite their conversation, while dealing with the customer. * After sales service is required to be maintained properly, which is not up to the mark * Call rates is affordable so it should be maintained at this level. * Many people are using mobile, but majority of them are not aware of the technology they are using. Manytines it happens that a person doesn’t know which technology satisfied his need. Hence awareness should be created among them regarding advantages and differences in the technology. * Supplementary facilities like call wait, call forward, call hold, call divert, call conference should be made more effective to attract customers. CONCLUSION After analysis and interpretation of the data it can be concluded that TataDocomo is providing a broad range of various schemes ranging from international calling to hello tunes. This is the critical factor to attract  various customers. Wide range of schemes is also leading to increase in number of customers with rapid pace for TaTA Tariff charges introduced by the TataDocomo are found to be cheaper than other services. TataDocomo has emerged as a giant killer due to their tariff plans and heading towards the position of dominator. TataDocomo is providing some unique features and services like pay per second, SMS per character, pay per site plans that are making them being different from their competitors. Awareness of the TataDocomo is spreading widely among people due to their promotional activities. Buyers are now insisting for cheaper plans or threatening to opt out. Majority of the customers are satisfied with the services of the Tata Docomo and they are not ready to switch on to other service providers.

Statistical Handling Data Coursework on High School Students Essay

Statistical Handling Data Coursework: High School For this handling statistical data coursework I will be investigating the heights and weights of students of years 7 to 11 in High School. Although this is a fictitious school the data is based on a real school. I will look for a trend in the heights and weights of the students to see if the taller they are, the more they weigh. This is my hypothesis. My Null hypothesis is that there is no correlation between height and weight, and my Alternative hypothesis is that there is strong, positive correlation between them. I will then investigate the heights of boys in years 7 and compare them to the girls, and then do the same in year 11. I will then be able to compare these two sets of results. These are my second and third hypotheses. I am carrying this investigation out because from my hypothesis I want to know whether students in the older years should be separated from the younger students in the lunch queues. This could be necessary because if the taller students are heavier, then the shorter ones will get hurt in the queue to lunch since students usually push their way to the front. So if the taller students are the older ones, then the year groups should be separated in the queue in order to prevent anyone getting hurt. In order to carry out this investigation, I will need to collect the heights and weights of all the students in High School between and including years 7 to 11. Instead of collecting the data, I can find the information on an exam board website. This data is reliable because it is provided by the exam board and is based on real students, however, it may be unreliable because it is secondary data, not primary since I am not physically collectin... ...rect guesses. They also provided a lot of inappropriate data such as their names which is inappropriate since isn’t worth investigating. The data could be biased because it was only collected from one school and not from other areas in the country. The data may be biased because there may have been a lot of snack shops or fast food restaurants near the school, which may have affected the students’ weights. I could have investigated further by using more than one school’s data and compared them and I could have had more hypothesise. This would have given more precise results due to a larger range and a larger sample. I could have drawn more graphs and made more calculations to get more accurate results. For example I could have calculated the standard deviation for my three hypothesise to get a more accurate spread of data than the interquartile range.

Youth Homelessness in Australia

A homeless person is without a conventional home and lacks most of the economic and social supports that a home normally affords. She/he is often cut off from the support of relatives and friends, she/he has few independent resources and often has no immediate means and in some cases little prospect of self support. She/he is in danger of falling below the poverty line, at least from time to time. There are many causes for youth homelessness. Some youths become homeless because they ran away from an abusive parent or caretaker. They will feel upset/depressed or angry and end up running away. Some youths become homeless because they become involved in drugs and they get kicked out and have nowhere to go. They will still have an addiction to drugs and will struggle to pay for things. Some youths become homeless because they have a mental disorder or illness that isn’t treated properly by his/her family. These youths will often not want help and end up being alone and without help There are many myths about homeless youths and many of them are incorrect. The myth that homeless people are older men is wrong, about half those who are homelessness are between 12 and 34. (In Victoria). That all young homeless youths are male – nationally, 55 percent of homeless youths are female. Another myth is that the youths choose to be homeless. This is incorrect as they would probably prefer to be in a warm house, without having to worry about food, drugs, money or abuse. Youth off the streets could get their message across much easier if they publicised more and showed how they are transforming/helping young people’s lives. Have fundraisers where people know they are helping the youths, have banners, try and get a day all about youths off the streets every year where it’s a big deal and business will donate, advertising around streets, on the television, pamphlets and news segment to get people’s attention and help.

Reflection of “A Letter from Birmingham Jail” by Martin Luther King Jr.

For our honors portfolio this quarter we were required to read three documents. We, then, were quizzed over each of the readings. First, we read â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King, Jr. , then, we read the transcript of President John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address, and last but not least, we read â€Å"Millennial Makeover† by Morley Winograd and Michael Hais. Furthermore, we had to read and analyze the documents because the quizzes required us to think deeper than the written words on the paper. I believe these documents are critical because they have shaped the government and our society today.My favorite of these three documents, if I had to pick, would be â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†, not only because I admire Martin Luther King Jr. , but also because this letter is a very powerful and inspiring piece of work. Luther wrote while being confined in a jail in Birmingham, Alabama, for participating in civil rights demonstrati ons. His letter states that he will continue resisting nonviolently against racial discrimination and pleads the readers to see segregation from a different point of view. Moreover, I noticed that he quoted many people including Apostle Paul, St.  Augustine, Reinhold Niebuhr and many others.This made me realize that he most likely had the quotations memorized since he didn’t have access to those sources while imprisoned. He mentions that â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere† and that â€Å"an unjust law is no law at all† (Luther). This means that an unjust law causes harm; for example, if it is lawful to torture a certain group of people, then that is not a law whatsoever. This idea of injustice affects many directly, but also affects everyone else indirectly in the fact that prejudice is occurring around them.Furthermore, his words describe in detail what segregation was like and what people like him had to go through. This impacted me b ecause now, the idea of racial discrimination is completely frowned upon, while in the 1900’s it was something that seemed right and normal. It took years of hard work, bloody massacres, and non-stop action to obtain equality and I hate to see that a little bit of racism still exists today. The idea that immigrants are taking away jobs and opportunities that should be for U. S. citizens, surprises me because this country was founded and created by immigrants.Instead of seeing different countries and different people in one world, we should see the whole world as one, because every human being, no matter what race, has his/her own rights and should have the same opportunities that his neighbor does. Luther is one of the most charismatic and persuasive people in history and has not only inspired many, but also revolutionized a country’s view. He wrote this letter hoping to stir up some emotion and I think he got his point across in a very non-violent and mature kind of w ay that was unexpected and at the same time, admirable.His stance of a nonviolent action and the desperate cry for an end to social discrimination is as powerful now as it was 50 years ago. We now stand by these liberal values and believe the God has made us all equal and has given us certain rights that no law can take away. Although this was not an easy project, I certainly did learn something from it and it inspired me to stand up for my beliefs, but also, in a way, allowed me to see that anything is possible through hard work.

100 Idioms About Numbers

100 Idioms About Numbers 100 Idioms About Numbers 100 Idioms About Numbers By Mark Nichol Last week, I offered a post about idioms pertaining to the number one (I limited the scope because there’s only so much space on the Internet.) Here’s the sequel, with expressions that mention all other numbers. 1. (a number) (something) short of a (something): said euphemistically of someone who is mentally deficient or unstable (as in â€Å"one slice short of a loaf†) 2–3. $64,000 question/million-dollar question: a very important question (from game shows that offered such an amount to contestants who answered increasingly difficult quiz questions) 4. a dime a dozen: cheap and/or plentiful 5. a million miles away: distracted 6. a stitch in time saves nine: a proverb that refers to the importance of precaution 7. as easy as one-two-three: said of something as simple as counting 8. at sixes and sevens: confused 9. at the eleventh hour: at a late stage or the last possible moment 10. bat a thousand: be very successful (from the batting average in baseball: one who bats 1.000- or, in this context, â€Å"a thousand†- gets a hit every time) 11. behind the eight-ball: in a difficult situation (from the pool ball numbered 8 as an obstacle) 12. catch-22: a no-win situation 13. deep-six: dispose of or get rid of (from a nautical measurement of depth; compare to â€Å"six feet under†) 14: dressed to the nines: very well dressed 15. eight-hundred-pound gorilla: any formidable obstacle 16. eighty-six: to 86 someone is to eject or get rid of them, or to refuse them service 17–20: feel/look like a million bucks/dollars: said in reference to being in an excellent state of emotional or physical health or to having the appearance of being in excellent condition 21: fifteen minutes of fame: brief, superficial celebrity (based on Andy Warhol’s observation about ephemeral celebrity) 22. fifty-fifty: said of dividing something equally 23. five-finger discount: shoplifting 24. five will get you ten: in all likelihood (from the results of gambling on even odds) 25. fiver: five-dollar bill 26. four-bagger: a home run in baseball (from the batter touching all four bags, or bases) 27. four corners of the earth: all the parts of the world 28. four-eyes: a mocking term for someone who wears eyeglasses 29. four-leaf clover: an allusion to good luck because of the notion that finding a clover with four leaves, which is rare, will bring good fortune 30. four-letter word: an obscene or vulgar word, from the fact that several such words have four letters 31. forty winks: a nap 32. give me five: an exclamation prompting someone to slap another’s hand as greeting or acknowledgment 33. give two hoots about: said of someone, preceded by one or more names or a pronoun and doesn’t or don’t, to express a lack of concern 34. hang ten: a greeting referring to the surfing challenge of hanging all one’s toes over the front end of the surfboard 35. high-five: a gesture two people exchange by slapping hands with their arms extended upward 36–39. hundred-to-one/million-to-one chance/shot: said in reference to a low probability of success 40–41. hundred/thousand and one: said in reference to an indeterminate but large number of conditions or reasons something may fail or not turn out well 42. it takes two to tango: said of a situation in which two parties are both responsible 43. Joe Six-Pack: the average man (from the notion that he’s just a regular guy who likes to drink beer) 44. kill two birds with one stone: achieve two goals with one action 45. know a trick or two: said when one has an unorthodox solution to a problem 46. lesser of two evils: something that is bad but not as bad as something else 47. nine lives: a reference to having good luck (from the notion that cats have nine lives) 48. nine times out of ten: almost always 49. nine-day wonder: a briefly famous or attention-getting person or thing (see also â€Å"seven-day wonder†) 50. nine-to-five attitude: an approach to work in which an employee does the minimum required to remain employed (compare to â€Å"nine-to-five job†) 51. nine-to-five job: full-time employment during daytime hours, or, broadly, conventional office employment (compare to â€Å"nine-to-five attitude†) 52. no two ways about it: said to express certainty or inflexibility 53. of two minds: undecided 54. on all fours: on hands and knees 55. on cloud nine: very happy 56. phony as a three-dollar bill: said in reference to something patently fake 57. possession is nine-tenths of the law: a reference to the notion that someone who possesses something has a stronger legal claim to it than someone who merely asserts ownership 58. put two and two together: said of correctly figuring out or solving a problem, as compared with computation 59. queer as a three-dollar bill: said in reference to something very peculiar 60. scattered to the four winds: widely dispersed 61. seven-day wonder: sarcastic reference to someone or something supposedly made perfect in seven days (alluding to the biblical account of creation) 62. seven-year itch: a desire to cheat on one’s spouse said to manifest after seven years of marriage 63. six feet under: dead and buried (from the traditional burial depth of six feet; compare to â€Å"deep-six†) 64. six of one and half a dozen of the other: said in reference to little difference between two things 65–66. six-pack: while away the time drinking beer, or a reference to a well-toned abdomen (because the contours of the muscles resemble the adjacent curves of a set of beverage cans); see also â€Å"Joe Six-Pack† 67. six ways from Sunday: every possible way 68. slip me five: shake my hand 69. stand on (one’s) own two feet: be self-sufficient 70. take five: rest briefly 71. tell (someone) a thing or two: scold 72. ten: excellent or perfect (alluding to a 1-to-10 scale of quality) 73. ten-four: yes (from a radio code) 74. ten-spot: ten-dollar bill 75. ten to one: used as an introductory phrase to express one’s believe that the odds of something happening are favorable 76. that makes two of us: we agree, or something is true of the speaker or writer and another person 77. three-alarm fire: said of something as exciting as a major structural fire (the number referenced may vary) 78. three cheers: praise (also used sarcastically) 79. three hots and a cot: a slang reference to jail or prison as a place where three hot meals and a bed are provided 80. three squares a day: a reference to three complete meals 81. three R’s: reading, writing, and arithmetic (alluding to the first consonant sound of each word) 82. three-ring circus: said of a confused or noisy activity 83. three sheets to the wind: drunk (from nautical slang referring to sheets, or ropes that hold sails taut, coming loose, causing a sailing ship to move erratically) 84. three strikes: said in reference to having three chances before suffering a consequence (see also â€Å"two strikes†) 85. twenty-four seven: all the time, from the count of twenty-four hours and seven days (usually written 24/7 and sometimes extended to 24/7/365 to refer to the number of days in a year) 86. twentysomething: in one’s twenties (also thirtysomething, etc.) 87. two can play that game: refers to the possibility that one who has treated another badly may be treated that way in return 88. two cents’ worth: advice 89. two heads are better than one: collaboration will produce a better outcome than individual effort 90. two left feet: said of an awkward dancer 91–92. two of a kind/two peas in a pod: said of two people who are very similar (or, in the case of the second expression, often in each other’s company) 93. two shakes of a lamb’s tail: a very brief period 94. two strikes: said of someone or something that has two disadvantages or obstacles, with the implication that a third strike, as in baseball, will put someone or something out of action 95. two wrongs don’t make a right: doing something wrong in response to another wrong is not justified 96. two-timer: someone who cheats on a partner 97. two’s company: part of a proverb (followed by the counterpoint â€Å"three’s a crowd†) to express that often, a third person is unwelcome 98. up to eleven: to a great degree (an allusion to a volume dial going past the usual 1-to-10 scale) 99. whole nine yards: as far as possible, or the entire amount 100. wouldn’t touch (someone or something) with a ten-foot pole: a reference to assiduously avoiding something Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? 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Cahokia - Prehistoric Capital City on the Mississippi

Cahokia - Prehistoric Capital City on the Mississippi Cahokia is the name of an immense  Mississippian (AD 1000-1600) agricultural settlement and mound group. It is located within the resource-rich American Bottom floodplain of the Mississippi River at the junction of several major rivers in the mid-central United States. Cahokia is the largest prehispanic site in North America north of Mexico, a proto-urban center with numerous allied sites spread across the region. During its heyday (1050-1100 AD), the urban center of Cahokia covered an area of between 10-15 square kilometers (3.8-5.8 square miles), including nearly 200 earthen mounds arranged around vast open plazas, with thousands of pole and thatch houses, temples, pyramidal mounds and public buildings laid out in three great planned residential, political and ritual precincts. For perhaps no more than 50 years, Cahokia had a population of about 10,000-15,000 people with established trade connections throughout North America. The latest scientific research indicates that Cahokias rise and fall were engineered by immigrants who together refashioned the Native American communities for the greater Mississippian culture. The people who left Cahokia after its breakup brought the Mississippian culture with them as they traversed throughout fully 1/3 of what is today the United States. Cahokias Chronology Cahokias emergence as a regional center began as a collection of rudimentary Late Woodland farming villages about 800, but by 1050 it had emerged as a hierarchically-organized cultural and political center, inhabited by tens of thousands of people supported by local plant domesticates and maize from Central America. The following is a brief chronology of the site. Late Woodland (AD 800-900) numerous small farming villages in the valleyFairmount Phase (Terminal Late Woodland AD 900-1050), the American Bottom had two many mound centers, one at Cahokia and the Lunsford-Pulcher site, 23 km (12 mi) to the south, with a total population at Cahokia of around 1,400-2,800Lohmann Phase (AD 1050-1100), Cahokias Big Bang. Around 1050, there was a sudden growth at Cahokia with a population estimated between 10,200-15,300 people within an area of 14.5 sq km (5.6 sq mi). Changes concurrent with the population explosion included community organization, architecture, technology, material culture, and rituality, all of which likely involved in-migration from elsewhere. The site was characterized by large ceremonial plazas, post-in-circle monuments (woodhenges), dense habitation zones of elites and commoners, and a central core of 60-160 ha (.25-.6 sq mi) of at least 18 mounds surrounded by defensive palisadesStirling Phase (AD 1100-1200), Cahokia still controll ed the American Bottom, the lower portions of the Missouri and Illinois river floodplains and the adjacent hilly uplands, amounting to some 9,300 sq km (~3,600 sq mi), but the population was already in decline by 1150, and its upland villages were abandoned. Population estimates are 5,300-7,200. Moorehead Phase (AD 1200-1350) Cahokia saw steep decline and final abandonmentthe latest population estimates for the period are between 3,000-4,500 Greater Cahokia There were at least three great ceremonial precincts within the region known as Greater Cahokia. The largest is Cahokia itself, located 9.8 kilometers (6 miles) from the Mississippi River and 3.8 km (2.3 mi) from the bluff. It is the largest mound group in the United States, centered on an expansive 20 ha (49 ac) plaza fronted on the north by Monks Mound and surrounded by at least 120 recorded platform and burial mounds and lesser plazas. The other two precincts have been impacted by the modern urban growth of St. Louis and its suburbs. The East St. Louis precinct had 50 mounds and a special or high-status residential district. Across the river lay the St. Louis precinct, with 26 mounds and representing a doorway to the Ozarks mountains. All of the St. Louis precinct mounds have been destroyed. Emerald Acropolis Within one days walk of Cahokia were 14 subordinate mound centers and hundreds of small rural farmsteads. The most significant of the nearby mound centers was likely the Emerald Acropolis, a special religious installation in the middle of a large prairie near a prominent spring. The complex was located 24 km (15 mi) east of Cahokia and a broad processional avenue connects the two sites. The Emerald Acropolis was a major shrine complex with at least 500 buildings and perhaps as many as 2,000 during major ceremonial events. The earliest post-wall constructed buildings date to about 1000 AD. Most of the remaining were built between the mid-1000s to the early 1100s AD, although the buildings continued in use until around 1200. About 75% of those buildings were simple rectangular structures; the others were political-religious buildings such as t-shaped medicine lodges, square temples or council houses, circular buildings (rotundas and sweat baths) and rectangular shrine houses with deep basins. Why Cahokia Blossomed Cahokias location within the American Bottom was crucial to its success. Within the limits of the floodplain are thousands of hectares of well-drained tillable land for farming, with abundant oxbow channels, marshes, and lakes that provided aquatic, terrestrial, and avian resources. Cahokia is also quite close to the rich prairie soils of the adjacent uplands where upland resources would have been available. Cahokias cosmopolitan center including people migrating in from different regions and access to a broad trading network from the gulf coast and southeast to the trans-Mississippi South. Vital trading partners included the Caddoans of the Arkansas River, people of the eastern plains, the upper Mississippi Valley, and the Great Lakes. Cahokians dabbled in long-distance trade of marine shell, shark teeth, pipestone, mica, Hixton quartzite, exotic cherts, copper, and galena. Immigration and Cahokias Rise and Fall Recent scholarly research indicates that Cahokias rise hinged on a massive wave of immigration, beginning in the decades before AD 1050. Evidence from upland villages in Greater Cahokia indicates that they were founded by immigrants from southeastern Missouri and southwestern Indiana. The influx of immigrants has been discussed in the archaeological literature since the 1950s, but it was only recently that clear evidence showing a huge increase in population numbers was discovered. That evidence is in part the sheer number of residential buildings built during the Big Bang. That increase simply cant be accounted for by birth rates alone: there must have been an influx of people. Strontium stable isotope analysis by Slater and colleagues has revealed that fully one-third of the individuals in mortuary mounds at Cahokias center were immigrants. Many of the new immigrants moved to Cahokia during their late childhood or adolescence, and they came from multiple places of origin. One potential place is the Mississippian center of Aztalan in Wisconsin since strontium isotope ratios fall within that established for Aztalan. Main Features: Monks Mound and Grand Plaza Said to have been named after the monks who were using the mound in the 17th century, Monks Mound is the largest of the mounds at Cahokia, a quadrilateral flat-topped, earthen pyramid that supported a series of buildings on its upper level. It took about 720,000 cubic meters of earth to construct this 30 m (100 ft) tall, 320 m (1050 ft) north-south and 294 m (960 ft) east-west behemoth. Monks Mound is slightly larger than Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, and 4/5 of the size of the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan. Estimated at between 16-24 ha (40-60 ac) in area, the Grand Plaza just south of Monks Mound was marked by Round Top and Fox mounds on the south. A string of smaller mounds marks its east and west sides. Scholars believe it was first used as a source of soil for mound construction, but then it was purposefully leveled off, beginning at the end of the eleventh century. A wooden palisade enclosed the plaza during the Lohmann phase. It took an estimated labor of 10,000 person hours to build even 1/3-1/4 of the entire plaza, making it one of the largest construction projects at Cahokia. Mound 72: The Beaded Burial Mound 72 was a mortuary temple/charnel house, one of several used by the Mississippians at Cahokia. It is rather inconspicuous, measuring only 3 m (10.5 ft) high, 43 m (141 ft) long, 22 m (72 ft) wide, and it is located 860 m (.5 mi) south of Monks Mound. But it stands out because there were over 270 individuals deposited in 25 burial features (several suggesting human sacrifice), along with large votive caches of artifacts, including arrow bundles, mica deposits, discoidal chunkey stones, and masses of shell beads. Up until recently, the primary burial at Mound 72 was considered a double burial of two men lying atop a beaded cloak with a birds head, alongside several retainers. However, Emerson and colleagues (2016) recently restudied the discoveries from the mound including the skeletal materials. They found that, rather than being two men, the highest ranking individuals were a single male buried atop a single female. At least a dozen young men and women were buried as retainers. All but one of the retainer burials were either adolescents or young adults at the time of their deaths, but the central figures are both adults. Between 12,000-20,000 marine shell beads were discovered intermingled with the skeletal material, but they were not in a single cloak, but rather strings of beads and loose beads placed in and around the bodies. The researchers report that the birds head shape shown in the illustrations from the original excavations may have been an intended image or simply fortuitous. Mound 34 and Woodhenges Mound 34 at Cahokia was occupied during the Moorehead phase of the site, and while it is neither the largest or most impressive of mounds, it held evidence of a copper workshop, a nearly unique set of data on the hammered copper process used by the Mississippians. Metal smelting was not known in North America at this time, but copper working, consisting of a combination of hammering and annealing, was part of the techniques. Eight pieces of copper were retrieved from Mound 34 backfill, sheet copper covered in black and green corrosion product. All of the pieces are abandoned blanks or scraps, not the finished product. Chastain and colleagues examined the copper and ran experimental replications, and concluded that the process involved the reduction of large chunks of native copper into thin sheets by alternately hammering and annealing the metal, exposing it to an open wood fire for a few minutes. Four or perhaps five massive circles or arcs of large postholes called Wood Henges or post circle monuments were found in Tract 51; another has been found near Mound 72. These have been interpreted as solar calendars, marking the solstices and equinoxes and no doubt the focus of community rituals. Cahokias End Cahokias abandonment was rapid, and that has been attributed to a wide variety of things, including famine, disease, nutritional stress, climate change, environmental degradation, social unrest, and warfare. However, given the recent identification of such a large percentage of immigrants in the population, researchers are suggesting an entirely new reason: unrest arising from diversity. Americanist scholars argue that the city broke apart because the heterogeneous, multiethnic, likely polyglot society brought social and political competition between centralized and corporate leadership. There may have been kin-based and ethnic factionalism that may have reemerged after the Big Bang to splinter what began as ideological and political solidarity. The highest population levels only lasted about two generations at Cahokia, and researchers suggest widespread and tumultuous political disorder sent groups of immigrants back out of the city. In what is an ironic twist for those of us who have long thought of Cahokia as the engine of change, it may well have been the people who abandoned Cahokia beginning in the mid-12th century that spread the Mississippian culture far and wide. Sources Alt S. 2012. Making Mississippian at Cahokia. In: Pauketat TR, editor. Oxford Handbook of North American Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p 497-508.Alt SM, Kruchten JD, and Pauketat TR. 2010. The Construction and Use of Cahokia’s Grand Plaza. Journal of Field Archaeology 35(2):131-146.Baires SE, Baltus MR, and Buchanan ME. 2015. Correlation does not equal causation: Questioning the Great Cahokia Flood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112(29):E3753.Chastain ML, Deymier-Black AC, Kelly JE, Brown JA, and Dunand DC. 2011. Metallurgical analysis of copper artifacts from Cahokia. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(7):1727-1736.Emerson TE, and Hedman KM. 2015. The dangers of diversity: the consolidation and dissolution of Cahokia, Native North Americas first urban polity. In: Faulseit RK, editor. Beyond Collapse: Archaeological Perspectives on Resilience, Revitalization, and Transformation in Complex Societies. Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press. p 147-178. Emerson TE, Hedman KM, Hargrave EA, Cobb DE, and Thompson AR. 2016. Paradigms Lost: Reconfiguring Cahokia’s Mound 72 Beaded Burial. American Antiquity 81(3):405-425.Munoz SE, Gruley KE, Massie A, Fike DA, Schroeder S, and Williams JW. 2015. Cahokias emergence and decline coincided with shifts of flood frequency on the Mississippi River. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112(20):6319-6324.Munoz SE, Schroeder S, Fike DA, and Williams JW. 2014. A record of sustained prehistoric and historic land use from the Cahokia region, Illinois, USA. Geology 42(6):499-502.Pauketat TR, Boszhardt RF, and Benden DM. 2015. Trempealeau Entanglements: An Ancient Colonys Causes and Effects. American Antiquity 80(2):260-289.Pauketat TR, Alt SM, and Kruchten JD. 2017. The Emerald Acropolis: elevating the moon and water in the rise of Cahokia. Antiquity 91(355):207-222. Redmond EM, and Spencer CS. 2012. Chiefdoms at the threshold: The competitive origins of the primary state. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 31(1):22-37. Schilling T. 2012. Building Monks Mound, Cahokia, Illinois, a.d. 800–1400. Journal of Field Archaeology 37(4):302-313.Sherwood SC, and Kidder TR. 2011. The DaVincis of dirt: Geoarchaeological perspectives on Native American mound building in the Mississippi River basin. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30(1):69-87.Slater PA, Hedman KM, and Emerson TE. 2014. Immigrants at the Mississippian polity of Cahokia: Strontium isotope evidence for population movement. Journal of Archaeological Science 44:117-127.Thompson AR. 2013. Odontometric determination of sex at Mound 72, Cahokia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 151(3):408-419.

How does opeational line maintenance differ from manufacturing and Research Paper

How does opeational line maintenance differ from manufacturing and does either degrade aircraft maintenance abilities if no change is made Or does stability lead to increase in quality - Research Paper Example The problem is the huge maintenance of aircrafts in an airline. The huge maintenance of the aircraft imply to the groupings of the maintenance of aircrafts that are owned by an airline on the foundation of the structures of each type of aircraft, the necessary needs of maintenance, and the functional features of each aircraft type. Thus, the cause of this problem are the huge and necessary maintenance needs that are needed to attain a complete repair of the aircrafts. These needs include the maintenance that had been planned before, examination of nearly all constituent parts of the airplane along with changes in the structure of the airplane. The significance of the problem is that in the current market environment coupled with the competition in the aviation industry, aviation industry players have to seek the best means through which to keep their airplanes up to date and effective in their operations. Doing so will ensure that they are able to cut on the huge costs that may be accrued overt time and find the best solutions to the aircraft problems that may face them in the course of their operations. Moreover, the problem sets alight the necessity to develop an action oriented program that identifies issues in the aircrafts. The program helps identify the best action that is needed to ensure that airlines get the most out of their fleet, be it through operational line maintenance or manufacture of new aircrafts. It is essential to realize that during the operational line maintenance, the aircraft is taken out of operations; hence, it provides no revenue to the airline. During this period when an aircraft or aircrafts are taken in for operational line maintenance, the time taken to undertake the necessary maintenance actions is known as the downtime. Further, it is vital to note that operational line maintenance is a complex undertaking. It is complex because of the difficulty and size of the operation. On the other hand, manufacture of new